4C's of Diamonds
Cut
The beauty of a diamond is predominantly determined by its cut which refers to the manner that a diamond is shaped and polished to give it brilliance and fire. Amongst the 4C's, cut is the only element that is within the control of human effort.
Ideal Proprtions
Proportions play a significant role in the cut of a diamond. The most beautiful diamonds are cut to strictly defined cut proportions to ensure the maximum return of brilliant light, dispersed light and scintillation from a diamond. If a diamond is cut too deep, a dark centre will emerge in the stone. On the other hand, a diamond that is cut too shallow will set off a dull hollow appearance.
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Carat
The weight of a diamond is measured in carats.
A carat is equivalent to 0.2 grams (or 100 points). Diamonds are priced according to weight categories; the larger the stone, the more expensive, reflecting increasing natural rarity. Weight, however, does not equate to diameter; thus, reinforcing the importance of cut.
Colour
Diamonds may appear colourless, but in reality, they have traces of yellow or brown in them. When it comes to colours, less is more. Diamond colour grades range from colourless D to light yellow Z. D colour is considered the best and rarest, thus it will be the most desired and most valuable.
Clarity
Like humans, diamonds are not perfect – they come with flaws. These flaws influence the clarity grading of a diamond which is determined by the size, location and the number of tiny natural marks, known as inclusions, present in most diamonds. These marks are deemed to be the “fingerprints” of a diamond, making each stone unique with its own set of identifying characteristics. The clarity grade of a diamond is determined under 10x magnification and generally does not affect the beauty of the diamond